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Azure Data Explorer: Real-Time Analytics — Fortinet Logs
Latest   Machine Learning

Azure Data Explorer: Real-Time Analytics — Fortinet Logs

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January 11, 2022
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Last Updated on July 26, 2023 by Editorial Team

Author(s): Rory McManus

Originally published on Towards AI.

Data Analytics

Azure Data Explorer (ADX) is a fully managed data analytics service for real-time analysis on large volumes of data streaming from applications, websites, and IoT devices.

The primary use of ADX is the ingestion of structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data for big data analytics, with speeds of up to 200 Megabytes/sec per node (up to 1000 nodes) returning results in less than a second across billions of records.

More businesses are opening their network to a wide variety of IoT devices and applications, it becomes increasingly vital for network and security teams to proactively react to these threatening events in a timely and cost-effective manner.

I recently employed ADX with a government client to migrate an existing Kafka workload which ingests and transforms Fortinet, Paloalto, and Bluecoat web security logs. During Covid-19, their workload increased 10-fold, with an associated 5-fold increase in costs. The migration of this workload resulted in a 60% cost reduction, a simplified solution, and an improvement in data reliability.

How can data be ingested into Azure Data Explorer?

Automated Pipelines — Ingestion Methods

  • Event Grid Blob Created — When a ‘blob’ is created on the Azure storage account it results in the firing of an event that triggers the Data Explorer ingestion pipeline.
  • Event Hub
  • IoT Hub
  • Azure Data Factory
  • Light Ingest — Command line tool for historical loads to minimize cost.

Supported Formats

  • Uncompressed Formats — ApacheAvro, AvroCSV, JSON, MultiJSON, ORC, Parquet, PSV, RAW, SCsv, SOHsv, TSV, TSVE, TXT, W3CLOGFILE

When the source data has a schema provided e.g. Avro, parquet, w3clogfile it can be directly inserted into the final destination table with the expected data types, column names, etc.

  • Compressed Formats — GZip, Zip

Transformations

Data is transformed in ADX by using the native language KQL — Kusto Query Language. This is a simple, yet powerful language to query structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data. It assumes a relational data model of tables and columns, with a minimal set of data types. The language is very expressive, easy to read, and understand the query intent.

Ingesting Fortinet Logs from Azure Storage to ADX

In this article, I will demonstrate how to create an Ingestion Pipeline to ingest and transform Fortinet Web Security log files uploaded hourly to an Azure Storage Account and which accumulate to a daily total of 400GB (when uncompressed).

The file is a compressed .gz file split into three different formats:

  1. Space delimited values
  2. Pipe delimited values
  3. Pipe delimited Key-Value Pairs

Solution

The solution used follows the high-level steps below:

  1. Fortinet Log Files are uploaded/created on Azure Storage(ADLS Gen2) This action in turn triggers the ingestion process using an Event Grid-created subscriber.
  2. The file is ingested into an ADX staging table.
  3. An ADX user-defined Update Policy reads the newly uploaded data in the staging table and transforms the data into the destination table as required.

Ingestion Pipeline

Prerequisites

  • Install Kusto explorer and connect to the ADX cluster. Alternatively, the Web UI can be utilized.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/kusto/tools/kusto-explorer

  • Microsoft recommends each file must be 1GB uncompressed for optimal ingestion and no larger than 4GB.
  • Register Event Grid with the Azure Subscription.

To create the ingestion pipeline the following steps must be completed

  1. Create a container on Azure Storage — ADLS Gen2.
  2. Create an ADX Staging Table.
  3. Set a Retention Policy on the ADX Staging table.

4. Create an ADX Query Function to read and transform the data landing in the staging table.

5. Create an ADX Destination Table for the curated data.

6. Create ADX Update policy.

The Update Policy instructs ADX to automatically append data to the target table whenever new data is inserted into the staging table, based on the transformation function created in step 3.

7. Create an Event Grid Ingestion Method.

The chosen ingestion method is ingesting data into data explorer via Event Grid from ADLS.

8. Test 🙂

Steps

  1. Create a container on Azure Storage — ADLS Gen2.
  2. Create an ADX staging table with one column of data type string.

3. Set a Retention Policy on the ADX Staging table to only keep 14 days of data.

4. Create an ADX Function.

The function reads and transforms the data from the staging table to the desired output. Only a subset of source columns are required in the output.

5. Create an ADX Destination Table for the curated data.

The ingestion function can be used to create the schema for the destination table using the following script:

NOTE: Ensure the DateTime and numeric columns are typed correctly as ADX stores metadata and statistics for each column. ADX will also store the maximum and minimum values of the extent of the data. This will ensure that when the user requests the data from the store, with certain conditions, it will be compared and only relevant extents are scanned and returned as results.

6. Create ADX Update Policy

The Update Policy instructs ADX to automatically append data to the target table whenever new data is inserted into the staging table, based on the transformation function created above.

7. Create an Event Grid Ingestion Method.

The chosen ingestion method is ingesting data into data explorer via Event Grid from ADLS.

  • Log in to the Azure Portal.
  • Navigate to the ADX Cluster U+279C Databases (Select appropriate database) U+279C Data connections.
  • Add Data Connection — see below.
  • Click ‘Next: Review + create >’ to the next tab Ingest Properties.

NOTE: Txt files do not have mappings. Mappings are only used for CSV, JSON, AVRO, and W3CLOGFILE files.

8. Test 🙂

Upload a file to the Azure storage container. If the ingestion has failed run the query below to check why.

Conclusion

If you would like a copy of my code, please drop me a message on LinkedIn.

I hope you have found this helpful and will save your company money and time getting started with Azure Data Explorer.

Please share your thoughts, questions, corrections, and suggestions. All feedback and comments are very welcome.

Data Mastery U+007C LinkedIn

Azure Data Platforms U+007C Databricks U+007C Big Data U+007C Power BI U+007C Analytics Industries Information Technology and Services…

au.linkedin.com

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} strongTag.remove(); }); }); } removeStrongFromHeadings(); "use strict"; window.onload = () => { /* //This is an object for each category of subjects and in that there are kewords and link to the keywods let keywordsAndLinks = { //you can add more categories and define their keywords and add a link ds: { keywords: [ //you can add more keywords here they are detected and replaced with achor tag automatically 'data science', 'Data science', 'Data Science', 'data Science', 'DATA SCIENCE', ], //we will replace the linktext with the keyword later on in the code //you can easily change links for each category here //(include class="ml-link" and linktext) link: 'linktext', }, ml: { keywords: [ //Add more keywords 'machine learning', 'Machine learning', 'Machine Learning', 'machine Learning', 'MACHINE LEARNING', ], //Change your article link (include class="ml-link" and linktext) link: 'linktext', }, ai: { keywords: [ 'artificial intelligence', 'Artificial intelligence', 'Artificial Intelligence', 'artificial Intelligence', 'ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE', ], //Change your article link (include class="ml-link" and linktext) link: 'linktext', }, nl: { keywords: [ 'NLP', 'nlp', 'natural language processing', 'Natural Language Processing', 'NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING', ], //Change your article link (include class="ml-link" and linktext) link: 'linktext', }, des: { keywords: [ 'data engineering services', 'Data Engineering Services', 'DATA ENGINEERING SERVICES', ], //Change your article link (include class="ml-link" and linktext) link: 'linktext', }, td: { keywords: [ 'training data', 'Training Data', 'training Data', 'TRAINING DATA', ], //Change your article link (include class="ml-link" and linktext) link: 'linktext', }, ias: { keywords: [ 'image annotation services', 'Image annotation services', 'image Annotation services', 'image annotation Services', 'Image Annotation Services', 'IMAGE ANNOTATION SERVICES', ], //Change your article link (include class="ml-link" and linktext) link: 'linktext', }, l: { keywords: [ 'labeling', 'labelling', ], //Change your article link (include class="ml-link" and linktext) link: 'linktext', }, pbp: { keywords: [ 'previous blog posts', 'previous blog post', 'latest', ], //Change your article link (include class="ml-link" and linktext) link: 'linktext', }, mlc: { keywords: [ 'machine learning course', 'machine learning class', ], //Change your article link (include class="ml-link" and linktext) link: 'linktext', }, }; //Articles to skip let articleIdsToSkip = ['post-2651', 'post-3414', 'post-3540']; //keyword with its related achortag is recieved here along with article id function searchAndReplace(keyword, anchorTag, articleId) { //selects the h3 h4 and p tags that are inside of the article let content = document.querySelector(`#${articleId} .entry-content`); //replaces the "linktext" in achor tag with the keyword that will be searched and replaced let newLink = anchorTag.replace('linktext', keyword); //regular expression to search keyword var re = new RegExp('(' + keyword + ')', 'g'); //this replaces the keywords in h3 h4 and p tags content with achor tag content.innerHTML = content.innerHTML.replace(re, newLink); } function articleFilter(keyword, anchorTag) { //gets all the articles var articles = document.querySelectorAll('article'); //if its zero or less then there are no articles if (articles.length > 0) { for (let x = 0; x < articles.length; x++) { //articles to skip is an array in which there are ids of articles which should not get effected //if the current article's id is also in that array then do not call search and replace with its data if (!articleIdsToSkip.includes(articles[x].id)) { //search and replace is called on articles which should get effected searchAndReplace(keyword, anchorTag, articles[x].id, key); } else { console.log( `Cannot replace the keywords in article with id ${articles[x].id}` ); } } } else { console.log('No articles found.'); } } let key; //not part of script, added for (key in keywordsAndLinks) { //key is the object in keywords and links object i.e ds, ml, ai for (let i = 0; i < keywordsAndLinks[key].keywords.length; i++) { //keywordsAndLinks[key].keywords is the array of keywords for key (ds, ml, ai) //keywordsAndLinks[key].keywords[i] is the keyword and keywordsAndLinks[key].link is the link //keyword and link is sent to searchreplace where it is then replaced using regular expression and replace function articleFilter( keywordsAndLinks[key].keywords[i], keywordsAndLinks[key].link ); } } function cleanLinks() { // (making smal functions is for DRY) this function gets the links and only keeps the first 2 and from the rest removes the anchor tag and replaces it with its text function removeLinks(links) { if (links.length > 1) { for (let i = 2; i < links.length; i++) { links[i].outerHTML = links[i].textContent; } } } //arrays which will contain all the achor tags found with the class (ds-link, ml-link, ailink) in each article inserted using search and replace let dslinks; let mllinks; let ailinks; let nllinks; let deslinks; let tdlinks; let iaslinks; let llinks; let pbplinks; let mlclinks; const content = document.querySelectorAll('article'); //all articles content.forEach((c) => { //to skip the articles with specific ids if (!articleIdsToSkip.includes(c.id)) { //getting all the anchor tags in each article one by one dslinks = document.querySelectorAll(`#${c.id} .entry-content a.ds-link`); mllinks = document.querySelectorAll(`#${c.id} .entry-content a.ml-link`); ailinks = document.querySelectorAll(`#${c.id} .entry-content a.ai-link`); nllinks = document.querySelectorAll(`#${c.id} .entry-content a.ntrl-link`); deslinks = document.querySelectorAll(`#${c.id} .entry-content a.des-link`); tdlinks = document.querySelectorAll(`#${c.id} .entry-content a.td-link`); iaslinks = document.querySelectorAll(`#${c.id} .entry-content a.ias-link`); mlclinks = document.querySelectorAll(`#${c.id} .entry-content a.mlc-link`); llinks = document.querySelectorAll(`#${c.id} .entry-content a.l-link`); pbplinks = document.querySelectorAll(`#${c.id} .entry-content a.pbp-link`); //sending the anchor tags list of each article one by one to remove extra anchor tags removeLinks(dslinks); removeLinks(mllinks); removeLinks(ailinks); removeLinks(nllinks); removeLinks(deslinks); removeLinks(tdlinks); removeLinks(iaslinks); removeLinks(mlclinks); removeLinks(llinks); removeLinks(pbplinks); } }); } //To remove extra achor tags of each category (ds, ml, ai) and only have 2 of each category per article cleanLinks(); */ //Recommended Articles var ctaLinks = [ /* ' ' + '

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