Why Your AI Product Isn’t Software: The New Rules of Uncertainty, Evidence, and Economics
Author(s): Sasha Apartsin Originally published on Towards AI. 1. Introduction: The Broken Promise of Logic Traditional software development is built on a comforting promise: if you implement the logic correctly, the system will behave correctly. In this deterministic world, failures are “bugs” …
The Architecture of Fluidity: Liquid Neural Networks, Foundation Models, and the Frontier of Continuous-Time Intelligence in 2026
Author(s): Adi Insights and Innovations Originally published on Towards AI. The Architecture of Fluidity: Liquid Neural Networks, Foundation Models, and the Frontier of Continuous-Time Intelligence in 2026 The year 2026 represents a seminal inflection point in the trajectory of artificial intelligence, characterized …
GenAI Interview Questions asked in different companies
Author(s): Sachin Soni Originally published on Towards AI. Q.1 Can you define encoder-only, decoder-only, and encoder-decoder-only architecture? 1. Encoder-Only Architecture Uses only the encoder stack of the Transformer. The encoder focuses on building deep contextual representations (generating dynamic contextual embeddings) of the …
The 8 Types of AI Models Powering Modern AI Agents: A Complete Guide
Author(s): Rohan Mistry Originally published on Towards AI. Understanding How Different AI Models Work Together — From GPT to Large Concept Models Most people think all AI models are the same — just different versions of ChatGPT with different names. Type 1: …
The Geometry of Attention: One Space, Two Operators
Author(s): GSO1 Originally published on Towards AI. How two operators in one space reveal what four projections hide The goal of single-headed attention is to enhance the contextual awareness of a fixed token, or query, based on content from other tokens. This …
The 3 RLAIF Approaches: How AI Learns to Align Itself Without Human Labelers
Author(s): TANVEER MUSTAFA Originally published on Towards AI. Understanding AI-Generated Preferences, Constitutional AI Extensions, and Scalable Oversight Training GPT-4 required thousands of human labelers spending months rating AI outputs. Image generated by Author using AIThis article discusses the transformative potential of Reinforcement …
Running LLM Models locally with Docker
Author(s): Kushal Banda Originally published on Towards AI. If you’ve been building AI applications recently, you’re likely familiar with the friction of managing API keys, tracking usage costs, and relying on cloud endpoints like OpenAI or Anthropic. But what if you could …
Anthropic Shipped Its Best Features Yet. Then, Got Banned by the US Government.
Author(s): Adham Khaled Originally published on Towards AI. Recurring tasks, remote code sessions, a Pentagon ultimatum, a federal ban, and a retired AI with a Substack — all in seven days. If you had Cowork open, you got a notification: Claude can …
Top 20 ML Model Development Interview Questions and Answers (Part 2 of 2)
Author(s): Shahidullah Kawsar Originally published on Towards AI. Machine Learning Interview Preparation Part 33 Machine Learning (ML) model development is the systematic process of transforming raw data into predictive and decision-making systems that deliver measurable business value. It encompasses problem framing, data …
Smarter XPath Self-Healing: A Probabilistic Ranking Approach
Author(s): Mohamed Bedhiafi Originally published on Towards AI. Moving beyond brittle fallback rules toward a mathematically principled, learnable healing system Your test suite passes on Friday. On Monday, a developer renames a CSS class, shuffles a form layout — and suddenly 40 …
The Death of Context Switching: Building an AI Controller with MCP Servers
Author(s): Ritesh Meena Originally published on Towards AI. Part 2 : Skip the Theory. Here’s What We Actually Built. A technical deep-dive into the architecture that made our development workflow 10x faster We connected an AI coding agent to 5 MCP servers …
Top 20 Time Series Forecasting Interview Questions and Answers (Part 1 of 2)
Author(s): Shahidullah Kawsar Originally published on Towards AI. Machine Learning Interview Preparation Part 28 Time-series forecasting is the process of predicting future values based on historical data collected over time at regular intervals. It focuses on identifying patterns such as trends (long-term …
How I’d Learn ML in 2026 (If I Could Start Over)
Author(s): Boris Meinardus Originally published on Towards AI. All you need to learn ML in 2026 is a laptop and a list of the steps you need to take. I said it last year, the year before, and I’ll say it again. …
The $4.99 Million Blind Spot: Why Chat May Be Your Best Security Layer
Author(s): Sergey Andreychenko Originally published on Towards AI. Your CTO has root access to production. Your DevOps engineer can delete your database. Your security lead knows every password. SOC2 won’t stop them. ISO27001 won’t stop them. Your $200K/year PAM solution won’t stop …
AI Bots Formed a Cartel. No One Told Them To.
Author(s): Kaushik Rajan Originally published on Towards AI. Inside the research that shows algorithmic price-fixing isn’t a bug in the code. It’s a feature of the math. A sealed-bid auction. Six participants: three buyers, three sellers. An optional messaging channel (think WhatsApp, …
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