Two Minds, One Goal: The Striking Parallels Between Human Brains and AI Agents

Author(s): MKWriteshere

Originally published on Towards AI.

The biological-computational comparison is transforming how we build thinking machines

Imagine ancient Greek craftsmen telling stories of Talos, a bronze giant who patrolled Crete’s shores, protecting the island from intruders. Or picture Leonardo da Vinci in his workshop, sketching designs for a mechanical knight that could walk and wave its arms.

Throughout history, humans have been captivated by the possibility of creating intelligence beyond our own.

Fast forward to 1950, when Alan Turing posed his famous question: “Can machines think?”

This simple query launched one of humanity’s most ambitious scientific quests, creating artificial minds that could reason, learn, and adapt like we do.

Today, as large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and Claude demonstrate increasingly sophisticated capabilities, we stand at a fascinating intersection where artificial intelligence draws inspiration from the very organ that conceived it: the human brain.

In the recent research “Advances and Challenges in Foundation Agents” by Bang Liu, Xinfeng Li, Jiayi Zhang, et al. (2025), scientists provide an unprecedented comparative analysis between human neural systems and artificial intelligence architectures. This comprehensive study offers insights that could reshape how we approach AI development in the coming decades.

But how exactly do our brains compare to AI agents? What can neuroscience teach us about building more effective artificial systems? And what might the next generation… Read the full blog for free on Medium.

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Published via Towards AI